Writing A Dissertation Without Primary Research

Dissertation is also known as a proposal. In certain nations, this term is utilized distinctly for the last tasks of university degrees. A dissertation is a research project finished as a component of an undergrad or postgraduate certification. Ordinarily, a paper permits understudies to present their discoveries in light of an inquiry or recommendation that they pick themselves. The point of the venture is to test the autonomous research abilities understudies have obtained during their time at college.

The appraisal is used to assist with deciding their last grade. Although there is normally some direction from your mentors, the exposition project is to a great extent. In this article, you will learn about writing a dissertation. Moreover, here experts of dissertation writing services will discuss about writing a dissertation without primary research. How can we do it using secondary data?

 

Writing A Dissertation Without Primary Research:

While writing a dissertation, students have a decision to make. They could either utilize primary information or secondary data in their research. Further, students could likewise decide to use a blended strategy that utilizes both systems. Be that as it may, numerous students need to compose an exposition without gathering primary information.

 

Pick The Subject Wisely:

Writing a dissertation is profoundly reliant upon the point that you pick. Assuming you need to achieve a good grade without utilizing primary examination. Be cautious while choosing the point. Moreover, it would help if you devised your research inquiries so that the current data can respond to it. The topics and targets of your paper ought to be outlined so that they can be met by utilizing existing informational collections.

 

Utilize Many Sources:

Another significant factor that will help you achieve good grades is utilizing a wide scope of sources. In a secondary research-based exposition, you are not gathering information all alone. Hence, it becomes basic that you utilize as many sources as you can. This gives both of you benefits. Right off the bat, you would have the option to gather more data sets. Also, it furnishes you with alternate points of view. Writing a dissertation is something straightforwardly dependent on points of view and considerations. The more sources you use, the better you can score. Yet, it would help if you likewise were cautious about not trying too hard.

 

Examine And Explain The Things:

Explaining and talking about crafted by others are two distinct things. While utilizing a secondary examination technique, it turns out to be critical to breaking down the information and work of others. By investigating the work, you can depict your understanding capacities. Besides, examining the work can regularly help you in considering groundbreaking thoughts. This might help you in working on the nature of your paper and writing a dissertation.

In case you have embraced a top to bottom investigation crafted by others. This may likewise help you in looking at a few informational indexes. This can fortify the discoveries of your work. Along these lines, it is clear that you should be careful assuming the need, to utilize an optional research technique. By picking this way, you are trying your dissertation writing abilities alongside your capacity to explain the discoveries.

 

Writing A Dissertation Using Secondary Data:

To analyze secondary data in writing a dissertation, it is first important to separate secondary from primary research. Primary examination happens where a scientist plans a research undertaking and afterward gathers the outcomes straightforwardly. And can handle the assortment of the information. Secondary data is the information that different scientists in past research projects have effectively collected. And it is used in existing distributions. Instances of secondary data include distributions. For example, diary articles and books, gathering papers, past expositions, Official/government reports, organizational accounts, or other authoritative reports.

 

Uses Of Secondary Data In Writing A Dissertation:

The main utilization of secondary data in a paper is to make the writing audit. The writing audit depends absolutely on optional examination. Drawing together articles on subjects applicable to the primary theme. When undertaking secondary data, the survey ought to incorporate secondary data drawing on the observational research. It will be used in research work. Great analyses will likewise include extra examination inspecting and testing the hypotheses to give a fair methodology. Secondary data may likewise be embraced at the rule research approach as elective primary research. Instead of primary examination, the research philosophy will be founded on utilizing information gathered and distributed by others.

 

Benefits and Disadvantages of Secondary Research:

The utilization of secondary research can be favorable as it is more practical. The information might be all the more handily approached. It will lessen the time scale and spending plan required for the examination to be finished. Secondary research additionally has a few inconveniences. The information is probably not going to be an ideal counterpart for the paper arranged. The information may likewise require reformatting and the detail of the information might be missing. It will require the connection of various data indexes or reformulation of the research work.

• Phases Of Secondary Research: The examination cycle utilizing optional sources might be separated into the following phases.
• Define The Research Question: This will normally require an audit of accessible writing to distinguish and limit a space of examination that might be embraced utilizing secondary data.
• Distinguish The Secondary Data: Next phase is to distinguish the data that can be utilized to respond to the examination question.
• Evaluate The Reasonableness: Next phase is the evolution of accessible secondary data. It will include how much it is lined up with the examination question and the nature of the research cycle which produced the information. Recognize substitute or more information in case it is expected to build the examination.
• Plan And Examine: Plan and afterward examine the secondary data following the picked logical strategies that prominently address the research question, while secondary research might be utilized instead of primary examination.

Read This Also: 5 Hardest College Classes in University Life

 

Conclusion:

Writing a dissertation is an important part of your research work. We have explained the techniques of writing a dissertation using secondary data and without primary research. These will be useful for your future endeavors.

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5 Hardest College Classes in University Life

Every student tries to choose the easiest subjects in their college for easy learning and avoiding difficult assignments and low grades. No matter how much you struggle to choose easy courses only, there will be always some courses that are difficult and compulsory to opt for, and you have to do late night studies for them. Here is a list of courses shared by experts of PhD dissertation writing services;

Philosophy:

Many people like and find it interesting to study philosophy, but these individuals are very few. On an honest basis, philosophy is generally regarded as one of the difficult subjects. There are very abstract topics in philosophy. While some topics are genuinely pragmatic issues – kinship, love, equity – but when study in detail, we found a portion of the more complex ideas that are uncertain to the amateur like analyticity, potential universes, and possibility.

Secondly, it is difficult to study and understand because it deals with the theories and some topics are such complicated that no experiment can be conducted for them. But these topics are necessary for learning and understanding. Thirdly, many individuals find it difficult because they do not have a true understanding of what philosophy is. For studying philosophy an individual needs to a critical thinker and analyzer. Fourthly, giving the interpretations of philosophies and theories in the present context that are presented by the scholars many years ago, is difficult.

Chemistry:

Learning and memorizing the periodic table, chemical reactions, chemical equations, and elements name, symbols, their atomic number, and atomic masses is what we all have hated in school as well. Chemistry and its sub-branches of study are quite difficult. Not only it is most risky to pass the coursework of chemistry but its assignments are the length and difficult too. For more than half of the students, organic chemistry is a monster. After trying hard to understand how particles respond and how to join basic sub-atomic structure blocks into more convoluted medications and mixtures, they still end up memorizing the structures. This makes organic chemistry hard and bore to many students.

Linguistics:

Whether it is your mother tongue or any new language, it is difficult to understand the history, origin, and structure. Many students think that they are speaking their mother tongue from childhood and they speak it very fluently with a huge vocabulary. But when it comes to studying that language, it seems that what they all know or speak is only ten percent of it. When they study linguistics they find out that it can be shockingly insightful and logical. There are numerous subcategories inside this bigger field, including the investigation of discourse sounds, word structure, language sound frameworks, language meaning, and the plan of words. Students will consider questions, for example, What characterizes various accents? How would we understand what certain words mean? And how might we program a PC to dissect sentence structure? You ought to likewise be set up to learn and apply the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Physics:

Physics is considered a very abstract subject because it needs you to have perfect mathematical skills. Physics involves both long theories and numerical. Students with poor mathematics skills or no mathematics background find it very difficult to learn and understand physics. Difficult mathematics fields like calculus, trigonometry, algebra, and differential equations are first needed to learn perfectly for understanding basic and major physics concepts and theories. Besides numerical and theories experiments are also part of physics. Students also hate to learn long theories and formulas. Quantum physics is the subfield of physics, which is considered the most difficult field of study. The rules and theories within quantum physics are difficult to understand because of their changing states in different circumstances.

Anatomy:

Anatomy is the study of the body structures of humans, animals, and other organisms. There are multiple reasons for categorizing anatomy as a difficult subject. First, the students, need to have proper and enough background knowledge before opting for anatomy as their major. Secondly, human body and other organism bodies and structure are very complex which make it difficult to understand their structure and functionality very precisely. Thirdly, in this subject students need to memorize a lot of concepts. Fourthly, the scientific terms used in anatomy are very different and difficult. Students have to know lots of anatomical languages and comprehend the intricate elements of various pieces of the human body.

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Structure and Guidelines for Writing Analytical Essay

Essay writing is one of the most important parts of a student’s career. An analytical essay is one of the types of essay. This type of essay is the most common one, which is assigned to the students as their assignments. All the essays are based on three main parts. Those parts include; introduction, body, and conclusion of the given topic. Similarly, the analytical essay has the same parts, but it has to be explained differently. It literary goes beyond summary and description. It critically examines and evaluates the information related to the topic, rather than focusing on the facts explained to the readers.

According to an essay writing service UK, the analytical essay is different in the way that it asks questions about why and how except where what, and when. Analytical essays are usually used to analyze books, films, and other media genres. Analytical essays are found in academic settings as well. People use these essays in public newspapers, magazines, and academic journals, etc. A good analytical essay always provides a good idea and standard to the reader. In this article, we are going to discuss the structure and guidelines for writing an analytical essay.

Structure of Analytical Essay:

Analytical essays are structurally similar to the other essays with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, but the difference is in explanation and text. The introduction of your analytical essay starts with the idea of grabbing the attention of readers, by using motivational and attentional seeker sentences. Next, you have to give few contextual-based introductory points to the readers and explain your thesis statements. Secondly, there are three body paragraphs of your analytical essay.

Each paragraph should explain a different point concerning the thesis statement and topic. Then you have to give few analytical points and strongly support your points. Every paragraph should have a separate example. Lastly, the conclusion of the analytical essay shouldn’t make new points. You just have to reiterate the key points of your write-up. And summarize the whole text in few words. In the end, you may add few concluding thoughts related to the topic of the essay.

Guidelines to Write Analytical Essay:

Few guidelines will help students to write an impressive analytical essay.

Select Your Topic:

Before writing or selecting any topic, you should do some research about analytical essays. You need to make sure if you have gathers enough information and examples to start working on your topic selection. The topic you have chosen should not be narrow. If the topic is narrow it will tighter your views and you will stick to few points. Sometimes it helps, but usually, it doesn’t. Always select a topic that allows you to analyze the theme behind the topic.

Write Thesis Statement:

A thesis statement is the most important part of your analytical essay. If a reader reads your essay, your thesis statement should strong enough to convince the reader. They should get the whole idea through the thesis statement. Each paragraph of your essay must relate to your thesis statement.

Finalize Your Analysis:

After grabbing all the main points of your essay, it’s time to synchronize them up. Everything should be according to the type of your selected topic. The text should have sources and pieces of evidence to support its existence. If you are writing an essay about the analysis of any book or film. You ought to quote some references and dialogues from the actual resource.

Write It Down:

Finally, when all the information, data, and references are gathered, it’s time for you to pen down everything accordingly. Don’t forget to use all the methods and guidelines about the structure of the analytical essay. You have to follow the strategies to synchronize your text. The essay should start with a proper introduction, explained the main points with examples in body parts or paragraphs, and finally conclude the essay. The whole essay should be so attractive and expressive that it catches the reader’s attention from the thesis statement.

The above steps will help students to properly write their analytical and structured essays. If students couldn’t understand anything related to writing their analytical essay. They can simply take help from experts. They can hire online essay writing services for their help. These online essay writing services help students write any type of essay and assignment. Students can choose the topic or allow them to choose it from them according to their interest. These services are very helpful and trustworthy. You can simply hire them and enjoy your time with friends. They will work on your essay and will submit it to you at a given time.

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Economics and Statistical Analysis via eViews, Stata and SPSS

The SPSS, truncated as Statistical Package for social sciences, was created by IBM, an American global enterprise, in 1968. SPSS is an insights programming bundle used for intuitive statistical examination as clumps. SPSS has authorized programming, used as a preliminary product or SaaS (Software as a Service). SPSS underpins different working frameworks like Windows, Mac OS, Linux on z Systems, UNIX, and Linux. According to a dissertation writing service, Stata is a universally useful programming bundle for statistical examination created by Stata Corp in the year 1985.

Stata is an exclusive authorized item that was at first composed by William Gould. Stata underpins different working frameworks like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. A mix of force and convenience makes EViews the ideal bundle for anybody working with time arrangement, cross-area, or longitudinal information. With EViews, you can rapidly and productively deal with your information, and perform an econometric and statistical investigation. You can create figures or model reproductions and produce great diagrams and tables for distribution or consideration in different applications. Including an inventive graphical article situated UI and a complex investigation motor, EViews mixes the perfect aspect of current programming innovation with the highlights you've generally needed. The outcome is a cutting-edge program that offers phenomenal force inside an adaptable, simple-to-utilize interface.

The critical highlights of SPSS incorporate gauging and choice trees on information, base release, progressed insights and custom tables add-on bundle, measurements and graphing capacities, complex examining and testing add-on. SPSS empowers the information to be summed up, showed and gives creation ready examination that can be sent out to different kinds of the archive, for example, Excel, PDF and so forth SPSS has progressed highlights, for example, arbitrary impacts with arrangement results, hearty and standard mistake taking care of, profile plots with blunder bars.

SPSS registers measurements and standard information mistakes from complex information test plans and investigations information on multi-stage plans as well. SPSS's most recent rendition executes new Bayesian Statistics capacities containing relapse, t-tests, and ANOVA, which is turning out to be well known that dodges a ton of misconception made by standard statistical examination. SPSS can rapidly make present-day diagrams alluringly, and their altering in Microsoft Office instruments. The outline manufacturer in SPSS can make these things easy by making distribution standard graphs.

Read More: Checklist to Know If Dissertation is Ready for Submission

SPSS gives alter, write and design language structures with supervisor easy route apparatuses, with a basic console alternate way to join copy lines, erase lines and new lines, eliminate void lines, drop lines all over, and manage following or driving spaces adequately. SPSS has SPSS Analytic Server, SPSS Modeler, SPSS Statistics, and different variable sorts like String and Numeric and has different variable arrangements. SPSS can perform Simple Statistical correlation tests and the fitting test must be picked according to the prerequisite all together to get the ideal result. SPSS gives estimation levels in a traditional methodology utilizing the boundaries like Nominal variable, Ordinal variable and inward factor, and proportion variable which are called Metric factors.

Stata has different extra bundles like idle class examination, endogeneity, Spatial AR models, markdown, nonlinear staggered models, limited combination models, edge relapse and so on Stata joins endogenous covariates, test choice, and endogenous treatment models for ceaseless and positive results. Stata finds and comprehends the imperceptible information bunches based on Latent Class Analysis (LCA) which is an element of Stata. Stata permits making site pages, messages, relapses, results, reports, and charts, and so forth which naturally ponders a page made. Stata has blended logit models that give progressed decision demonstrating which settles on many decisions consistently to bring irregular impacts into decision displaying which brings about the unwinding of presumption and expansion in adaptability.

Stata has Finite blend models that give ceaselessly, tally, double, all-out, controlled, ordinal, and shortened results which are tweaked with assessors and different mixes. Stata has Spatial autoregressive models that have observational units called spatial units in the territories of topographical research. Stata has different word records to be made to robotize the reports and create results and charts in plain and text designs. Stata has a staggered relapse for stretch estimated results which can be recorded into groupings as individuals' loads and creepy crawly checks, grade point midpoints, and a huge number of different measures. Stata can perform incredible direct relapse models to discover the successful size, test size, and force.

Read More: A Guide About Choosing a Theoretical Framework for Dissertation 

Perspectives give refined information examination, relapse, and anticipating apparatuses on Windows-based PCs. With EViews you can rapidly build up a statistical connection from your information and afterward utilize the connection to estimate future estimations of the information. Regions where EViews has demonstrated to be valuable include: scientific information examination and assessment, monetary investigation, macroeconomic estimating, recreation, deals gauging, and cost investigation.

EViews is another variant of a bunch of instruments for controlling time arrangement information initially created in the Time Series Processor programming for enormous PCs. The archetype of EViews was MicroTSP, first delivered in 1981. Even though EViews was created by financial specialists with an accentuation on time arrangement investigation, there isn't anything in its plan that restricts its helpfulness to monetary time arrangement. EViews gives helpful visual approaches to enter information arrangement from the console or records, to make a new arrangement from existing ones, to show and print arrangement, and to do a statistical investigation of the connections among arrangement.

EViews exploits the visual highlights of current Windows programming. You can utilize your mouse to control the activity with standard Windows menus and exchanges and catch those tasks for some time in the future. Results show up in windows and can be controlled with standard strategies. Then again, you may utilize EViews' order and bunch preparing language. You can enter and alter orders in the order window. You can make and store the orders in programs that report your research project for later execution.

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Checklist to Know If Dissertation is Ready for Submission

Writing up your dissertation is a massive job, and you need to take some time to think about administrative issues as well as the content of your dissertation. If you're finishing up your master's, take a look at this checklist and make sure you are ready with everything you need to submit your dissertation. Years of work have culminated in this one piece of work, and you are prepared to submit it to your university office. You are almost certainly stressed, exhausted, and very glad to be done. But there are a few quick points shared by dissertation writing services UK you need to check before you formally submit your dissertation, so take a look at this checklist and make sure everything is in order.

Checklist To Know If Dissertation Is Ready For Submission:

Check Your Word Count:

It's important that your thesis stays within the word limit allowed by your university. Most departments are very strict about this, and you can lose marks or even have your thesis rejected if it's too long. So check the allowed word count in your departmental handbook or on your university's website. Generally, you are allowed to be within 100% of the stated word count – so if the count is 3000 words, you can submit between 2700 and 3300 words for your thesis. This differs between universities though, so check this too! If your thesis is too long, be brutal in cutting out any irrelevant information to make it as tight as possible.

Read More: A Guide About Choosing a Theoretical Framework for Dissertation 

Check Your References Carefully:

You should be adding references to your thesis as you write it. But you need to try and do a check of all your references at the tip too. First, identify every statement in your thesis which requires a reference. Then, make sure your references are in place within the text and in the right format. Generally, in-text references are presented in the format: “factual statement (author, year)”. Next, make sure that every reference in your text that everyone seems in the reference list at the end of your thesis. This is where your full reference info goes, and you need to make sure that this is in the correct format for your university too. Finally, check that there are no references in your reference list which don't appear in your text.

Do Your Formatting:

Formatting a dissertation is always a bother, so leave yourself some time to adjust the fonts, margins, and line spacing to your liking. Don't forget to add page numbers to the top or bottom of the page for easier reading. You'll also need a table of contents, which lists your section headings and which page they can be found on. If you are using word, you can generate this automatically.

Put Together Your Title Page:

You will need a title page for your dissertation, which generally includes the title, the university and department, and the date. Often, the dissertation should not have your name on them, as they may be marked blind. In this case, you should have a candidate number or reference number which goes on your page instead of your name. Double check in your departmental handbook if you are unsure.

Read More: Things Students Should Avoid to Write a Great Dissertation 

Print & Bind Or Submit Electronically:

Often, for a dissertation, you'll print it yourself on regular printer paper, and then bind it using a comb binder and a binding machine. The admin office at your university may well have these supplies which you'll use, or they will direct you to where you'll find them. This may be much cheaper than having the dissertation printed at a print shop! Alternatively, at some universities, you'll submit your dissertation electronically. You will need to convert your thesis to a PDF and then email it or submit it through the online form provided by your university.

Get A Receipt:

Whether you submit a paper copy of your dissertation to your university office, or you submit it electronically through an online form, it is a good plan to get a receipt or acknowledgement of your submission. That way, in case there are any problems with your submission or your dissertation is lost, you'll prove that you handed it in on time. A signed note from the university office should be just fine.

Celebrate!

Now your thesis is handed in, along with all the paperwork, you're free to celebrate. Congratulations, you've finished your dissertation. Now go out and celebrate your big achievement.

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A Guide About Choosing a Theoretical Framework for Dissertation

The theoretical framework is the most difficult part of the dissertation to create. A theoretical framework comprises of ideas; their definitions, and existing theory/hypotheses, that are utilized for your specific study. The theoretical framework should show a comprehension of hypotheses and ideas that apply to the subject of your research paper, and that will relate it to the more extensive fields of information. The theoretical framework isn't something that is discovered readily accessible in the writing. Recommended by dissertation writing services, you should audit course readings and appropriate research writing for hypotheses and scientific models that are pertinent to the research issue you are examining. The choice of a theory ought to rely upon its suitability, simplicity of use, and logical force.

Before you start your research, you need to investigate what hypotheses and models different researchers have already evolved. The purpose of a theoretical framework is to present and clarify this information. There may be different theories about your point, so the theoretical framework likewise incorporates surveying, taking a gander at, and picking the most appropriate ones. By outlining your research inside a characterized field, you make the reader mindful of the presumptions that illuminate your methodology, indicating the reasoning behind your decisions. This bit of your dissertation builds up the frameworks that will maintain your analysis, helping you with deciphering your results and make more broad hypotheses.

Read More: Things Students Should Avoid to Write a Great Dissertation

To make a theoretical framework for your research paper identify the key idea, assess and clarify significant speculations, and afterward demonstrate that how your theory sets in this theoretical framework. The initial step is to select the critical terms from your difficult assertion and research questions. Thoughts as often as possible have different definitions, so the theoretical framework incorporates undeniably characterizing what you mean by each term. By driving a cautious composing study, you can choose how different researchers have characterized and drawn relationship between these key thoughts. When you write a theoretical framework the purpose is to research and highlight the techniques and methodologies that the earlier researchers have used.

When you study these previous methods and techniques of research you find out the pros nd cons within those methods and also try to find out the gap in those methodologies and techniques. On the basis of the information gained through the study of past methods and models you create a definition for your research and make supporting evidences to prov that this method best suits to your research topic. Besides discussing others' hypotheses, the theoretical framework should show how your venture will utilize these thoughts. You may mean to test whether a theory holds in a specific setting or use theory as a reason for deciphering your outcomes or study or challenge a theory or join different speculations in another or exceptional manner. If pertinent, you can likewise utilize the theoretical framework to create speculations for your research. 

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In a proposition or dissertation, the theoretical framework is composed into a composing review part, yet it can in like manner be fused, as its part or region. If your research incorporates overseeing numerous mind boggling speculations, at that point it is smarter to join a different theoretical framework segment. There are no specified or hard and fast rules for developing the structure of your theoretical framework. The significant thing is to make a sensible, intelligible plan. One choice is to draw on your research questions, organizing each piece around a question or key idea. As in any remaining pieces of your proposition, make a point to appropriately refer to your sources to stay away from copyright infringement.

Depict the framework, ideas, models, or specific speculations that support your study. This incorporates noticing who the key scholars are in the field, who has led research on the topic you are exploring, and if vital, the recorded setting that underpins the definition of that theory. This last component is especially significant if the theory is generally obscure or it is acquired from another order. Position your theoretical framework inside a more extensive set of related frameworks, ideas, models, or hypotheses. There will probably be a few ideas, hypotheses, or models that can be used to help build up a framework for understanding the research issue. Along these lines, note why the framework you've picked is the suitable one. The current state is utilized when expounding on theory. You should make your theoretical presumptions as express as could reasonably be expected. Afterwards, your conversation of philosophy ought to be connected back to this theoretical framework.

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Things Students Should Avoid to Write a Great Dissertation

A dissertation is a final document that is required for getting a degree in any discipline or field. It is a lengthy and detailed research essay that is compiled by students aiming to get their doctorate degree. It argues in defense of the research topic put forward by the individual. It is nonetheless an overwhelming task to accomplish as writing a great dissertation demands quality research and guidance from experienced professionals. There are a number of things that students should take care of when writing quality dissertation. Mentioned here are some of them:

• Avoid Generalization: In writing a scholarly document, the students must avoid making generalizations like all, always, every, etc.
• Avoid Opinions: The students should avoid using opinionated words like, clearly or obviously. Maybe what is obvious to you is not so much so to others. In case you are not able to do this, there are dissertation writing service providers who can provide you with the best quality.
• Avoid Colloquial Language: Always keep in mind that a thesis is a formal document so avoid colloquial and informal tone.
• Avoid Grammatical Mistakes: When you are finished with your writing, make sure to proofread it out loud. This will help to check for any grammatical errors or typos. You must also check the spellings and grammar through the auto spell/grammar checker software.
• Avoid Using the Word “No”: When expressing an idea, it is best to use the actual word to describe the situation. For example; instead of writing “Thomas did not understand my idea”, say “Thomas failed to understand my idea.”
• Avoid too Much Pronouns: When discussing an article by an author avoid using “he” or “she”. Use the author’s last name along with the date the article was published on. If you must use the pronouns like us, they or theirs then make clear references in gender, number, subject or object.
• Avoid Redundancy: Too many repetitive words or phrases could make a work insipid. Avoid wordiness in MBA degree program when conveying or expressing an idea.
• Avoid Strong Feelings: Stay away from insinuations, sarcasm, innuendos and any kind of strong emotional language and try to exhibit humility in your scholarly writing.
• Avoid Passive Statements: Instead of giving a passive tone to sentences, always write in the active voice. For example, in place of saying “Harry Potter series is written by J.K. Rowling”, you can say “J.K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter series.”

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• Avoid Declarative Statements: Instead of declaring the result of study, use comparative statements and with proof and evidence let your readers decide if you have succeeded in achieving your goal. For example: Instead of saying that “this study will show that regular exercise will make you live longer”, you can rephrase it as; “through evidence and research it has been shown that regular exercise may be helpful in increasing your life span”.
• Avoid Humor or Wittiness: A dissertation should always have a serious, professional tone for writing assignments. All kinds of comical and humorous sentences should be avoided along with message whose ingenuity has the power to evoke laughter should be avoided. It is because when you are writing a dissertation at doctoral level you need a high quality writing format.

It is important for the students to review all the above points thoroughly and avoid using them in their dissertation for better effect.

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